Present and Past Perfect 1

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Present and Past Perfect 1


1- Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman emperor,
is generally believed to ……… born in Aachen
in about 742.

a) had been
b) have been
c) will have
d) should have
e) have

2- From prehistoric times to the present there
……… many mass migrations of people
throughout the world.

a) have been
b) should have
c) had
d) would
e) have

3- Men questioned ideas that ……… held for
centuries.

a) would have
b) has been
c) would
d) had been
e) had

4- Before yielding to Renaissance architecture
in the 16th century, Gothic structures ………
adorned with thousands of sculptured figures.

a) had been
b) would be
c) would
d) had
e) should

5- At least 85 percent of the natural forest ……...
cleared, especially in the northern pat of the
country, usually to create fields.

a) has been
b) had
c) should
d) should have
e) would
6- This decline in agriculture is common not
only in Ethiopia but also in much of the rest of
Africa. Little ……… done to find possible
mineral resources in Ethiopia.

a) would have
b) had been
c) have been
d) has been
e) has

7- The only point in publishing his book,
Gulliver says, would ……… to improve
mankind.

a) had
b) should have
c) would have
d) have been
e) would

8- Under these circumstances he should never
……… allowed to take charge of the operation.

a) would be
b) will have
c) have been
d) would
e) has

9- There were critical shortages of foreign
exchange and gold, much of which ………
stolen in the final days of the war.

a) should have
b) had been
c) will have
d) have been
e) would have

10- Each sub-group in society ……… a
conception of what is the appropriate situation
for a drink.

a) has
b) have been
c) have
d) will have
e) has been

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11- The evidence suggests that the boom in the
home computers, which ……… helping the
industry’s growth for the last two years, may be
slowing down.

a) would have
b) has been
c) will have
d) should
e) had been

12- The greatest failure of many rich countries
……… to leave their future economies to chance.

a) will have
b) had
c) have been
d) has been
e) would been.

13- The company accountant, charged with
embezzlement, ……… put on trial.

a) have been
b) had be
c) would be
d) would have
e) has been

14- Of all the great changes in the history of the
world, none ……… more dramatic and more
rapid than the end of colonialism.

a) should
b) has been
c) have been
d) had
e) would have

15- In developed countries, social security ……...
a major issue since the beginning of this century.

a) would be
b) would
c) has been
d) have been
e) should have








16- With the construction in recent years of
large dams, Turkey’s energy shortage ………
completely overcome.

a) should have
b) has been
c) would
d) would be
e) should

17- The contract for the construction of the dam
……… to be drawn up by the lawyer.

a) have been
b) would
c) will have
d) had be
e) has been

18- You ……… to wear an identity card if you
are working at the ministry.

a) would
b) will have
c) have been
d) has
e) would be

19- I remember you saying that whoever gets
there first ……… a major advantage.

a) should
b) have been
c) will have
d) would
e) has

20- According to the experts, health education
……… to be reorganized if the spread of AIDS
is to be checked.

a) should
b) had been
c) has
d) will have
e) would be





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21- One may conclude from the report that,
during the next century, the average amount
of water consumed per head of the population
in the world ……… to be reduced.

a) has been
b) has
c) have been
d) will have
e) have

22- The country ……… remarkably successful
in its efforts to bring down the pollution levels
from what they were in 1970.

a) would be
b) had
c) should have
d) has been
e) have

23- A report ……… released today confirming
that there are 15 million people in the world
with leprosy, most of whom live in tropical
countries.

a) has been
b) would
c) had been
d) should
e) has

24- From the article it is apparent that there
……… a substantial fall in the world grain
production in recent decade.

a) will have
b) has been
c) would
d) should have
e) have been

25- It should be emphasized in the article that
there ……… a noticeable drop in the world
grain production during the last few years.

a) would
b) has been
c) should
d) would be
e) has




26- It ……… scientifically established that the
Sahara is expanding southward at a rate of up
to 10 kilometers a year.

a) should
b) would
c) will have
d) has been
e) have

27- As he pointed out, it ……… the small to
medium-sized companies especially that have
benefited from the customs union.

a) have been
b) has
c) have
d) should
e) has been

28- I don’t think you ……… many problems
when you start the business.

a) should
b) has
c) has been
d) will have
e) should have

29- The details of implementation ……… to be
discussed at the next meeting which you will
presumably agree to attend.

a) will have
b) would have
c) have
d) should
e) should have

30- Obviously concessions ……… to be made
on both sides if an agreement is to be reached.

a) will have
b) has
c) had been
d) would be
e) has been






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31- Allowances ……… to be made on both sides
if the fail to reach an agreement.

a) had been
b) would have
c) has
d) had
e) will have

32- These gardens ……… well-designed, so they
look attractive all the year round.

a) has been
b) would have
c) have been
d) had been
e) will have

33- A great many books ……… written on
computers, computer programming, and
computer programming languages, particularly
Fortran.

a) would
b) have
c) will have
d) have been
e) should have

34- Even though a number of measures ………
taken to prevent the smuggling of arms, the
problem has not yet been solved.

a) has been
b) have been
c) would have
d) should have
e) has

35- Unless there ……… a rise in interest rates
my brother would have closed his account at the
bank and so would I.

a) would
b) should have
c) had been
d) has been
e) should





36- By the time Elvis Presley died 500 million
copies of his records ……… sold, more than for
any other rock star.

a) had been
b) would have
c) would
d) has should have

37- In 1885 a boy who ……… bitten by a dog
infected by rabies was given a newly-discovered
inoculation and did not develop the disease.

a) has been
b) had been
c) would have
d) should
e) have been

38- Catherine waged successful wars against
Turkey, and made Russia much larger that it
……… before.

a) had been
b) should
c) had
d) would be
e) have been

39- Scientists ……… working towards radio for
many years before the Italian inventor
Guglielmo Marconi sent his first signal in 1895,
a distance of just over 1.6 kilometers.

a) would
b) had been
c) will have
d) should
e) have been

40- People have skated on ice for hundred of
years. Skating ……… a sport since 14th century.

a) should
b) would
c) would have
d) has been
e) will have







ÖZDİL LİSAN VE BİLGİSAYAR KURSLARI


41- The world water speed record ……… taken
past the 500 km/h mark in a special hydroplane
by Australian Ken Warby.

a) has been
b) would be
c) had
d) will have
e) should have

42- Cure of infectious disease ……… greatly
improved by the use of drugs.

a) has been
b) should have
c) would be
d) will have
e) have

43- Almost everyone in the world ………
influenced by advantages in science and
technology.

a) would
b) have been
c) has been
d) has
e) will have

44- When a crime ……… committed the police
have the task of catching the person who has
done it.

a) has been
b) have been
c) had
d) should
e) have

45- Conscription began in Sweden in the 1600’s,
and ……… used in wartime by many countries
ever since.

a) should
b) has been
c) has
d) had
e) should have


46- The role of NATO ……… under discussion
since events in Eastern Europe in the late 1980s.

a) would be
b) should
c) has been
d) has
e) would have

47- Gold ……… used in dentistry for thousand
of years: the Ancient Egyptians fixed loose
teeth in position with gold wire.

a) should
b) have
c) had
d) will have
e) has been

48- When a plant ……… pollinated, the pollen
starts to grow.

a) have
b) has been
c) would be
d) had been
e) should

49- The use of wood in buildings ……… partly
replaced by the use of steel and concrete.

a) has been
b) have
c) will have
d) had
e) should have

50- It ……… difficult for modern physicians
to accept acupuncture as an effective procedure
for the treatment of certain conditions.

a) had
b) have
c) would
d) has been
e) has





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