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Metin2 EP, Valorant VP dahil tüm oyun ürünlerini en uygun fiyatlarla bulabilir, Item ve Karakterlerinizi hızlıca satabilirsiniz. HEMEN TIKLA!
HISTORY OF EDUCATION AND CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN IZMIR
In Ottoman period,the education was mostly in medreses which were built beside the mosques.There were about fourty medreses in Izmir according to Evliya Çelebi and the most important ones were Kurşunlu,Kaptan Paşa and Ahmet Ağa Medreses.Education in medreses continued until the Republic and the reforms of education.
9 September 1922,the day that Izmir was liberated,marked the end of the War of Liberation.Izmir had a symbolic meaning in this history.The War of Liberation had been began by the invasion of Izmir and the liberation of Izmir had been the cause that determined the Natinal Struggle.At the end of the war,the primary problem of the country was the shortage of qualified human resources.As a result, the reorganisation of education was an essential task of the age of reforms.The implementatin of the reforms,achieving the task of development required extensive and high quality education services.This opinion was dominant among the leadership of the new regime ,including particularly Mustafa Kemal.The refoms that followed the liberation,including the unification of education,prohibition of religious instruction,introduction of Latin alphabet,the national schools Project,the formation of the village institutes,the rapid expasions of schools around the country,promotionof womenâs education and establishment of universities, all took place between 1923 and 1940.
The radical change in education can be observed by looking at the educatinal history of Izmir.Between 1923-26,the primary aim was to maintain the resources at hand.On the other hand,between 1926-33 the rate of school formation increased.The governer of Izmir,Kazım Dirik made a tremendous contribution to the achievement of the school building program until his retirement in 1935.As a result,there was a dramatic increase in the number of teachers and students in Izmir.The number increased from 15148 students taught by 330 teachers in 190 schools to 40000 students taught by 900 teachers in 466 schools.As a part of the decennial of the Republic celebrations 250 new schools were launched in province Izmir.The primary aim was to bring up generations, through a well organised educatinal system loyal to national tasks of the new regime.
There was another factor which is seen in the progress of elemantary education.The prohibition of religious instruction to have national education
was a great revolution.Transition from Arabic to Latin alphabet,another great transformation,decreased the literacy.To increase the level of literacy,it was necessary to increase the number of the schools.
Izmir has a special place in the adoption of Latin alphabet.An article titled
âthe necessity of using the Latin alphabetâ was published in Izmirâs daily Anadolu in 1926.This support continued after the alphabetical reform in 1928.
Izmirâs newspapers,Ahenk,Hizmet,Anadolu and Yeni Asır,printed news reports
and articles in new alphabet.
After the transiton to Latin alphabet,Izmir governer Kazım Dirik prepared province Izmir for the transiton.During the summer of 1928 courses were organised to train teachers and inspectors.In August,literacy courses for the citizens began in the schools of the nation. Between 1929 and 1933,Izmir School of the Natin admittedto its classA 69445 men and 5486 women,while class B admitted 14346 men and 611 women.During the same period,350 reading rooms were opened in province Izmir.
The rapid increase in the number of elemantary schools and the results obtained from the School of Nation icreased the literacy.In these conditions,having new teachers became important.Education at Boys Teacher Training School and the Girls Teacher Training School,which had been present during the Otoman Empire,continued after 1923.The current building of Izmir Girls High School was completed and given to the Boys Teacher Traning School. The Girls Training School continued education in its building in Karşıyaka.Boys Teacher Training School was moved to the building of the former American College at Kızılçullu in 1935-1936 educational year and its name was Kızılçullu Village Instıtute.The Village Institute Project was one of the most important educatinal projects of the Republic.In 1936,Girls High School moved to its current building from Namık Kemal High School.Namık Kemal High School was reopened as the 2nd Boys High School. Upon these developments,Izmir Boys High School began to be called the 1st Boys High School.This school was later named Atatürk High School, which led to the renaiming of the 2nd Boys High School as İnönü High School and then Namık Kemal High School.
The Republic also gave importance to vocational training. Reginal School of Agriculture,Cumhuriyet Girls School of Vocations,Girls Evening School of Vocations,Commerce High School and the Regional School of Vocations were providing education both according to the national curriculum and vocational courses for everyone, primarily the housewives.
The Republicâs educational institutionalisation was not limited to the schooling.National Library,the Turkish Hearth,Peopleâs Houses,museums and Archaeology Societyâs activities were in the context of educational and cultural activities.
Building a library in Izmir had first been thought in 1911 by a group of Izmir intellectuals and Kadızade Ibrahim Bey.An organization with the name âCommitee for the Promotion of National Library and Educationâ had been set up to achieve this goal.The task was achieved and on 23 June 1912,the library was launched inside the Salepçioğlu Inn on the Beyler Street.A cinema was launched with the income from fundraising activities,including a lottery and the construction of the library building at Bahribaba over the land recived from the Jewish burial ground finished with the income from the cinema and contributions from Izmir governor.In the early stage of construction ,Greek occupation of Izmir began.Governer Kazım Dirik managed to reallocate the same ground that had been allocated for skating after the occupatio to the library.Finally, the current library building was completedon 14 January 1930 and began to servet o the readers.The opening ceremony was in 1933 during the 10th Anniversary of the Republic celebrations.The Izmir National Library was the first national library of Turkey. This cultural institution continues in our time to serve Izmir.
National Library
In additon to National Library,Peopleâs Houses also contributed alot to education.Izmir branch of the Turkish Hearth operated on the second floor of the
Hacı Hasan Innâs cafe in Kemeraltı.During the occupation years, this instituttion operated as the headquarters of the resistance against occupation.With the decleration of Republic,the Turkish Hearth network had new duties.The new regime agreed to provide the Izmir branch of the Turkish Hearth with a new building ,and it was completed by the republic day of 1927.It was designed by architect Necmettin Emre.When the Turkish Hearth was abolished and the Peopleâs Houses were launched ,this building was given to the use of Izmir Peopleâs House.Izmir Peopleâs house became a spot of attraction with its cultural activities ,particularly for the students.The Peopleâs Houseâs library was the second good library of the city after the National Library.Recreational sites such as tea garden and children playground, and social events such as balls and theatre performances caused this institution to maintain its popularity.
Settlements in and around Izmir had a past of thousands of years and they were very rich archeologically.The republican regime gave great importance to archeological activities leading to the exploration of the ancient cultures, because it aimed to prove that the Turks were not an allien people for Anatolia but they had links with ancient Anatolian civilisations.The launch of museums around the country and establishment of Izmir Archeology Museum on 14 February 1924 were the examples of this attempt.In the establishment and development of Izmir Museum,Aziz Ogan played a very important role.Following the collection of items during the initial years , the museum was launched on 15 February 1927 in the Hagia Voukla Church at Çorakkapı district.This Project was realised by the supports of the Governor Kazım Dirik.
The collection of the museum improved with the findings from the Agora excavation.
In addition to the Archeology Museum ,new museums were opened after the lauch of the Kültürpark in 1936,including the Museum of Revolution,Museum of Health and the City Museum.. In 1941,Atatürk Museum was lauched in Kordon.
The Roman State Agora located in the center of the city and the ancient setlements had been built during the reconstruction of the city after the earthquake in 178 A.D. Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius started the construction of Agora .During the Otoman era ,Agora was called the Market Place and the neighbourhood around the Agora was also called the same.Archeological excavations at Agora that began in 1920 continued to 1930.Some of the findings were exhibited at the site,while the others were taken to the museum.Agora excavations had great support from the municipality and continued until the beginning of 1940s.
One of the monuments inherited from thousands of years of history was Kadifekale (The Velvet Fortress) and it was located on the peak of the main hill at the center of the city.However, this monument had been ruined by the settlers,who had been using its stones in buildig new houses.One of the cultural activities was the restoration of Kadifekale and the afforestation of its environment.
The education of the disabled was one of the main aims of the National Education.In Izmir,a school for the deaf,mute and blind was opened in the building of the former English Hospital,located around the Fair.The schoolâs aim was to prepare the disabled for social life.It gave training in the branhes of carpentery,shoemaking,dressmaking,weaving,while the schoolâs music department taught the blind how to play various instruments.
Gazi Primary School was built to provide the schooling needs of the neighbourhoods.It had a conference hall and a fim theatre in addition to the classrooms which were unusual for the schools of the time.
The building which originally served as Children Reformatory ,was changed to Regional Vocational Training School in 1930.The name of the school was changed to Industrial Vocations High School.
During 1923 and 2004,schools,teachers,students,libraries,museums had a great role in education.Today,with a high number of good schools,teachers and students,the task of education is achieved.And there are many new projects to improve the education in coming years.
SOURCES
1.Küllerinden Doğan Şehir-Erkan Serçe,Fikret Yılmaz,Sabri Yetkin
2.İzmirâin İzmirâi-Prof.Dr. Çınar Atay
3.Three Ages of İzmir-Virginia Taylor Saçlıoğlu
4.İzmir ve Kartpostalları-Erkan Serçe,Fikret Yılmaz,Sabri Yetkin
5.İnternet
In Ottoman period,the education was mostly in medreses which were built beside the mosques.There were about fourty medreses in Izmir according to Evliya Çelebi and the most important ones were Kurşunlu,Kaptan Paşa and Ahmet Ağa Medreses.Education in medreses continued until the Republic and the reforms of education.
9 September 1922,the day that Izmir was liberated,marked the end of the War of Liberation.Izmir had a symbolic meaning in this history.The War of Liberation had been began by the invasion of Izmir and the liberation of Izmir had been the cause that determined the Natinal Struggle.At the end of the war,the primary problem of the country was the shortage of qualified human resources.As a result, the reorganisation of education was an essential task of the age of reforms.The implementatin of the reforms,achieving the task of development required extensive and high quality education services.This opinion was dominant among the leadership of the new regime ,including particularly Mustafa Kemal.The refoms that followed the liberation,including the unification of education,prohibition of religious instruction,introduction of Latin alphabet,the national schools Project,the formation of the village institutes,the rapid expasions of schools around the country,promotionof womenâs education and establishment of universities, all took place between 1923 and 1940.
The radical change in education can be observed by looking at the educatinal history of Izmir.Between 1923-26,the primary aim was to maintain the resources at hand.On the other hand,between 1926-33 the rate of school formation increased.The governer of Izmir,Kazım Dirik made a tremendous contribution to the achievement of the school building program until his retirement in 1935.As a result,there was a dramatic increase in the number of teachers and students in Izmir.The number increased from 15148 students taught by 330 teachers in 190 schools to 40000 students taught by 900 teachers in 466 schools.As a part of the decennial of the Republic celebrations 250 new schools were launched in province Izmir.The primary aim was to bring up generations, through a well organised educatinal system loyal to national tasks of the new regime.
There was another factor which is seen in the progress of elemantary education.The prohibition of religious instruction to have national education
was a great revolution.Transition from Arabic to Latin alphabet,another great transformation,decreased the literacy.To increase the level of literacy,it was necessary to increase the number of the schools.
Izmir has a special place in the adoption of Latin alphabet.An article titled
âthe necessity of using the Latin alphabetâ was published in Izmirâs daily Anadolu in 1926.This support continued after the alphabetical reform in 1928.
Izmirâs newspapers,Ahenk,Hizmet,Anadolu and Yeni Asır,printed news reports
and articles in new alphabet.
After the transiton to Latin alphabet,Izmir governer Kazım Dirik prepared province Izmir for the transiton.During the summer of 1928 courses were organised to train teachers and inspectors.In August,literacy courses for the citizens began in the schools of the nation. Between 1929 and 1933,Izmir School of the Natin admittedto its classA 69445 men and 5486 women,while class B admitted 14346 men and 611 women.During the same period,350 reading rooms were opened in province Izmir.
The rapid increase in the number of elemantary schools and the results obtained from the School of Nation icreased the literacy.In these conditions,having new teachers became important.Education at Boys Teacher Training School and the Girls Teacher Training School,which had been present during the Otoman Empire,continued after 1923.The current building of Izmir Girls High School was completed and given to the Boys Teacher Traning School. The Girls Training School continued education in its building in Karşıyaka.Boys Teacher Training School was moved to the building of the former American College at Kızılçullu in 1935-1936 educational year and its name was Kızılçullu Village Instıtute.The Village Institute Project was one of the most important educatinal projects of the Republic.In 1936,Girls High School moved to its current building from Namık Kemal High School.Namık Kemal High School was reopened as the 2nd Boys High School. Upon these developments,Izmir Boys High School began to be called the 1st Boys High School.This school was later named Atatürk High School, which led to the renaiming of the 2nd Boys High School as İnönü High School and then Namık Kemal High School.
The Republic also gave importance to vocational training. Reginal School of Agriculture,Cumhuriyet Girls School of Vocations,Girls Evening School of Vocations,Commerce High School and the Regional School of Vocations were providing education both according to the national curriculum and vocational courses for everyone, primarily the housewives.
The Republicâs educational institutionalisation was not limited to the schooling.National Library,the Turkish Hearth,Peopleâs Houses,museums and Archaeology Societyâs activities were in the context of educational and cultural activities.
Building a library in Izmir had first been thought in 1911 by a group of Izmir intellectuals and Kadızade Ibrahim Bey.An organization with the name âCommitee for the Promotion of National Library and Educationâ had been set up to achieve this goal.The task was achieved and on 23 June 1912,the library was launched inside the Salepçioğlu Inn on the Beyler Street.A cinema was launched with the income from fundraising activities,including a lottery and the construction of the library building at Bahribaba over the land recived from the Jewish burial ground finished with the income from the cinema and contributions from Izmir governor.In the early stage of construction ,Greek occupation of Izmir began.Governer Kazım Dirik managed to reallocate the same ground that had been allocated for skating after the occupatio to the library.Finally, the current library building was completedon 14 January 1930 and began to servet o the readers.The opening ceremony was in 1933 during the 10th Anniversary of the Republic celebrations.The Izmir National Library was the first national library of Turkey. This cultural institution continues in our time to serve Izmir.
National Library
In additon to National Library,Peopleâs Houses also contributed alot to education.Izmir branch of the Turkish Hearth operated on the second floor of the
Hacı Hasan Innâs cafe in Kemeraltı.During the occupation years, this instituttion operated as the headquarters of the resistance against occupation.With the decleration of Republic,the Turkish Hearth network had new duties.The new regime agreed to provide the Izmir branch of the Turkish Hearth with a new building ,and it was completed by the republic day of 1927.It was designed by architect Necmettin Emre.When the Turkish Hearth was abolished and the Peopleâs Houses were launched ,this building was given to the use of Izmir Peopleâs House.Izmir Peopleâs house became a spot of attraction with its cultural activities ,particularly for the students.The Peopleâs Houseâs library was the second good library of the city after the National Library.Recreational sites such as tea garden and children playground, and social events such as balls and theatre performances caused this institution to maintain its popularity.
Settlements in and around Izmir had a past of thousands of years and they were very rich archeologically.The republican regime gave great importance to archeological activities leading to the exploration of the ancient cultures, because it aimed to prove that the Turks were not an allien people for Anatolia but they had links with ancient Anatolian civilisations.The launch of museums around the country and establishment of Izmir Archeology Museum on 14 February 1924 were the examples of this attempt.In the establishment and development of Izmir Museum,Aziz Ogan played a very important role.Following the collection of items during the initial years , the museum was launched on 15 February 1927 in the Hagia Voukla Church at Çorakkapı district.This Project was realised by the supports of the Governor Kazım Dirik.
The collection of the museum improved with the findings from the Agora excavation.
In addition to the Archeology Museum ,new museums were opened after the lauch of the Kültürpark in 1936,including the Museum of Revolution,Museum of Health and the City Museum.. In 1941,Atatürk Museum was lauched in Kordon.
The Roman State Agora located in the center of the city and the ancient setlements had been built during the reconstruction of the city after the earthquake in 178 A.D. Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius started the construction of Agora .During the Otoman era ,Agora was called the Market Place and the neighbourhood around the Agora was also called the same.Archeological excavations at Agora that began in 1920 continued to 1930.Some of the findings were exhibited at the site,while the others were taken to the museum.Agora excavations had great support from the municipality and continued until the beginning of 1940s.
One of the monuments inherited from thousands of years of history was Kadifekale (The Velvet Fortress) and it was located on the peak of the main hill at the center of the city.However, this monument had been ruined by the settlers,who had been using its stones in buildig new houses.One of the cultural activities was the restoration of Kadifekale and the afforestation of its environment.
The education of the disabled was one of the main aims of the National Education.In Izmir,a school for the deaf,mute and blind was opened in the building of the former English Hospital,located around the Fair.The schoolâs aim was to prepare the disabled for social life.It gave training in the branhes of carpentery,shoemaking,dressmaking,weaving,while the schoolâs music department taught the blind how to play various instruments.
Gazi Primary School was built to provide the schooling needs of the neighbourhoods.It had a conference hall and a fim theatre in addition to the classrooms which were unusual for the schools of the time.
The building which originally served as Children Reformatory ,was changed to Regional Vocational Training School in 1930.The name of the school was changed to Industrial Vocations High School.
During 1923 and 2004,schools,teachers,students,libraries,museums had a great role in education.Today,with a high number of good schools,teachers and students,the task of education is achieved.And there are many new projects to improve the education in coming years.
SOURCES
1.Küllerinden Doğan Şehir-Erkan Serçe,Fikret Yılmaz,Sabri Yetkin
2.İzmirâin İzmirâi-Prof.Dr. Çınar Atay
3.Three Ages of İzmir-Virginia Taylor Saçlıoğlu
4.İzmir ve Kartpostalları-Erkan Serçe,Fikret Yılmaz,Sabri Yetkin
5.İnternet